![]() The wide range of outcomes reflects the fact that applications perform differently from city to city, depending on factors such as legacy infrastructure systems and on baseline starting points. MGI assessed how smart-city applications could affect various quality-of-life dimensions: safety, time and convenience, health, environmental quality, social connectedness and civic participation, jobs, and the cost of living (see interactive). ![]() ![]() Section 2 Smart-city technologies have substantial unrealized potential to improve the urban quality of life They encourage people to use transit during off-hours, to change routes, to use less energy and water and to do so at different times of day, and to reduce strains on the healthcare system through preventive self-care. Many applications succeed only if they are widely adopted and manage to change behavior. The third layer is usage by cities, companies, and the public. Translating raw data into alerts, insight, and action requires the right tools, and this is where technology providers and app developers come in. The second layer consists of specific applications. First is the technology base, which includes a critical mass of smartphones and sensors connected by high-speed communication networks. Three layers work together to make a smart city hum (Exhibit 1). More comprehensive, real-time data gives agencies the ability to watch events as they unfold, understand how demand patterns are changing, and respond with faster and lower-cost solutions. Smart cities put data and digital technology to work to make better decisions and improve the quality of life.
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